Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming and dancing can serve as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A large analysis of 63 published reviews covering nearly 80,000 people found that physical activity significantly reduced symptoms, especially in young adults and new mothers.
The study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, showed that heart rate–raising aerobic exercise had the strongest effect on depression. Resistance training and yoga also helped, though to a lesser extent. Group and supervised activities delivered extra benefits, suggesting social connection plays a key role.
World Health Organization estimates that hundreds of millions worldwide live with depression or anxiety. Researchers said even low-intensity programmes lasting a few months can ease anxiety symptoms.
Experts urged caution for severe cases. Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London said exercise can be a reasonable first option for mild symptoms but should not replace therapy or medication where needed. Michael Bloomfield of UCL added that exercise works best as a complement to established treatments rather than a substitute.
