A new study has revealed that about 90% of marine aquarium fish sold in the US are taken directly from the wild.
Researchers found that most species come from the western Pacific and Indian oceans, often without traceable origins.
“The trade is incredibly opaque — from reef to retail,” said Dr Bing Lin of the University of Sydney, who led the study.
The research, published in Conservation Biology, examined 734 fish species and found only 3% were bred in captivity.
Fish on sale included 45 species listed as threatened, such as the Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
Many species are caught on tropical reefs, providing income for local communities but risking population decline if unmanaged.
Experts are calling for better traceability, credible eco-certification, and consumer awareness to ensure sustainable sourcing.
“This trade can harm wild populations if not properly managed,” said Dr Marian Wong. “Transparency is key to protecting ocean life.”
